Because wishful thinking makes us believe what we want to believe, it is an activity of lying to ourselves. However, Williams proposed another angle: self-deception, in this case, is that a person cannot guard the formation of belief carefully, so self-deception can be the instance of one as both deceiver and also as gullible.

中文翻译

因为一厢情愿让我们相信我们愿意相信的东西，这是一种自我欺骗的行为。然而，威廉姆斯提出了另一个角度：在这种情况下，自我欺骗是一个人无法谨慎地守护信念的形成，因此自我欺骗可以是一个人既是欺骗者又是轻信者的实例。